Etudes de cas

Le rapport comporte deux parties. La première présente les problèmes liés l’implantation d’une plantation industrielle dans un environnement naturel et humain, et les difficultés de cohabitation –déjà perceptibles- qui en résulteront nécessairement, à plus ou moins brève échéance. La seconde s’intéresse de manière spécifique au contrat liant l’Etat à l’investisseur, et à ses nombreuses et graves implications.

For close to a century, peasants in the Philippines have been organizing to defend their lands from being grabbed by foreign agribusiness corporations. However, this struggle for land and livelihood in rural areas has intensified over the past five years, as a race to establish plantations of “green oases” for agrofuel development and agro-industrial crops for export has been initiated by foreign companies from Japan, South Korea, China and the Arab world.

Cicodev Afrique, l'institut pour la recherche, la formation et l'action pour la Citoyenneté, les Consommateurs et le Déceloppement en Afrique, a mené une étude entre janvier et février 2011 sur le cas d'accaparement des terres survenu dans la communauté rurale de Diokoul Ndiawrigne au Sénégal.

The Socfin SL arrangement has already caused tension amongst key stakeholders and farmers in the area. Allegations were made to Green Scenery about a lack of transparency, little or no consultation with key stakeholders and elected representatives, no information on potential resettlement, and also about pressure being applied on land-owners and town chiefs to sign agreements.

Le rapport analyse deux études de cas: L’intervention de l’entreprise Jatropha Technology Farm / Senegal dans les communautés rurales de Nétéboulou et de Ndoga Babacar, dans la région de Tambacounda et l’intervention de SENETHANOL SA dans la communauté rurale de Fanaye (Département de Podor). Le rapport explique aussi le contexte avec une analyse de la sécurité alimentaire et de la situation du développement rural au Sénégal, le régime foncier et l’accès à la terre et les politiques sénégalaises de régulation et de facilitation des investissements étrangers dans l’agriculture.

Les transactions commerciales sur les terres agricoles ne sont pas un phénomène nouveau, mais l’accélération de leur rythme et l’importance de la taille des terres louées ou vendues au cours de ces dernières années revêtent un caractère spécifique. Si ces transactions permettent l’accroissement des investissements et des innovations, elles suscitent une forte opposition de la part des organisations paysannes et présentent des risques de fragilisation des droits d’accès des populations rurales à la terre, et des menaces pour la durabilité environnementale.

Cambodia and Laos are in the grip of a land grabbing crisis, driven by Vietnamese ‘rubber barons’. This report reveals how two of Vietnam’s largest companies, Hoang Anh Gia Lai (HAGL) and the Vietnam Rubber Group (VRG), have leased vast tracts of land for plantations in Laos and Cambodia, with disastrous consequences for local communities and the environment. Close ties to corrupt political and business elites provide them with impunity, deals are cloaked in secrecy and they are bankrolled by international finance such as Deutsche Bank and the International Finance Corporation (IFC).

Land-grabbing is occurring at a significant extent and pace in Southeast Asia; some of the characteristics of this land grab differ from those in regions such as Africa. At a glance, Europe is not a high profile, major driver of land-grabbing in this region, but a closer examination reveals that it nonetheless is playing a significant role. This influence is both direct and indirect, through European corporate sector and public policies, as well as through multilateral agencies within which EU states are members. Looking at some of the cases of large-scale land acquisition in Southeast Asia, and the role played by the European Union, we put forward several observations and issues for discussion.

The indigenous peoples of Koto Sepuluh have already lived in their ancestral land long before the existence of the Indonesian Republic. They have their own land laws that governed land tenure, management of agricultural lands, managed hunting, and ways to open the forest. The State has systematically abrogated the indigenous laws of the Tanjung Benuang Village by issuing law on village administration. Through the imposition of this law, the land of the people has been grabbed through the granting of HPH concession to the companies, creating untold misery to the village peoples.

The focus of this report is land grabbing in Cambodia. It is based on APRODEV Agencies experience from many years of development work. The report documents how affected communities have lost their livelihoods because of land grabbing by national and international business corporations. Local communities have not been consulted and they have received little or no compensation for their loss. The communities have been evicted from their land and have faced systematic human rights violations.